The closest train station to Madarao Kogen & Tanagram is Iiyama Station, located along the Hokuriku Bullet Train Line connecting Tokyo and Kanazawa.

There is a bus from Iiyama station to Madarao Kogen and Tanagram which takes around 20 minutes. This shuttle bus leaves from bus stand 1 outside Iiyama station "Chikumaguchi" exit. You can check the schedule here.

From Tokyo: Ride the bullet train to Iiyama station on the Hokuriku Bullet Train Line, which takes around 150 minutes.
From Osaka or Kyoto: Take the Thunderbird limited express train to Kanazawa station and transfer to Hokuriku Line bullet train, just over an hour's ride will get you to Iiyama station.
From Nagoya: Take the limited express Shinano train to Nagano station and transfer to Hokuriku Line bullet train, a 45 minute ride on the bullet train will get you on to Iiyama station.

Search Japan's train schedules here: HyperDia

Japan Rail Pass: For travellers visiting cities either side of the ski resort stay, a Japan Rail Pass is a fantastic investment, allowing unlimited train travel on most Japan Rail trains, for periods of 7, 14 or 21 days to suit your travel schedule.